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Nutrients. 2020 Oct 12;12(10):3114. doi: 10.3390/nu12103114.

Efficient Enrichment of Retinal DHA with Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: Potential Application for Retinopathies.

October 12, 2020
Sugasini D(1), Yalagala PCR(1), Subbaiah PV(1)(2).

(1)Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

(2)Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Abstract

Although decreased retinal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a known risk factor for retinopathy, currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements, which are absorbed as triacylglycerol (TAG), do not significantly enrich retinal DHA. We tested the hypothesis that lysophospahtidylcholine (LPC)-DHA which is absorbed as phospholipid, would efficiently increase retinal DHA because of the presence of LPC-specific transporter at the blood-retina barrier. In normal rats, LPC-DHA and di-DHA phosphatidylcholine (PC), which generates LPC-DHA during digestion, increased retinal DHA by 101% and 45%, respectively, but TAG-DHA had no significant effect at the same dose (40 mg/kg, 30 days). In normal mice, both sn-1 DHA LPC and sn-2 DHA LPC increased retinal DHA by 80%, but free DHA had no effect. Lipase-treated krill oil (which contains LPC-DHA and LPC-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), but not normal krill oil (which has little LPC), increased both retinal DHA (+76%) and EPA (100-fold). Fish oil, however, had no effect, whether lipase-treated or not. These studies show that retinal DHA can be efficiently increased by dietary LPC-DHA, but not by TAG-DHA or free DHA. Since DHA is known to be protective against retinopathy and other eye diseases, this study provides a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention/treatment of these diseases.

Keywords
Eye
Retina
DHA
EPA
Krill
Lysolipids
LPC
Nutrition
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
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